Apparatus for burning liquid fuel.



C. ELLIS.

APPARATUS FOR BURNING LIQUID F IEL.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 22, m2. RENE-WED JULY n. 1916.

1,21 6,096. Patented Feb. 13, 1917.

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CARLETDN ELLIS, or 'mon'rc am, 'nnwusnssr, ASSIG so: To nanum'r nrwrnremrrnn, or Anni-my, mans, ENGLAND, .a conrona' non or an rmnm.

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1,21aooo. no or men Patented Feb. 13,1917. Application filed April 22,1912.8erla1 No. 692,288. Renewed July 11, 1918. Serial No. 108,782.

7b olt'whom'it maycoaocm: able foundatf on or sup art 9, althoughv of ait known that I, Gammon Ennis, a course the di ivice may be mounted inany of the United States, and resident of other desired way.

ir, Essex county, New Jersey, have Suitable he ating tubes or units maybe arc 1.,Jttllll new and useful Inventions Reranged in a]. desired wayin cooperation 60 lating to Apparatus for Burning Li aid with the bof oror heating device and as Fuel, of: which the following is a specicaillustrated any desired number of heating tiou taken in connectionwith the accomtubes 10 may be vertically arranged within I panyingdrawing, which forms part of the the boiler by mountin them within the10 same. tube sheets H and 3. hese heating tubes 65 This inventionrelates to apparatuisl for may be three to five inches or soin internallmrning oil or other volatile or vaporieable diameter and long enough toeffect the dc liquid fuel by first gasiiying the fuel by heat siredcooling, of the combustion gases and produced by the burning of aportion thereutilization oi the heat thusdeveloped. These of, andthenmixing the resulting gases and heating tub as may be substantially uni-7 vapors with air in proportions toform an formly pacl ed with suitablegranu ar reexplosive gaseous mixture, and burning the fractory ma1erial11 such as fire clay, ma

' same in 'a porous and permeable bed of renesite or the like,preferably of substantial y v fractory material to which the mixture isuniform size such as lumps between one-half supplied at a high velocity.The invention and three-ql arter inch mesh, such granular 75 has beenmade especially with the idea oi refractory material in the lower partof providing an improved steam boiler or other each tube f rmin a porousand permeable apparatus for evaporating or heating water combustion 1led. The granular material may or other liquids, and for this purposethe extend upward in the tube as shown to serve porous and permeablecombustion bed 1 n as a deflecting, mixing and heatin bed to which theexplosive gaseous mixture 15 incr s the tra smi mn f h at m the burnedmay be formed of a mass of granular tube to the surrounding li uid. Thelower refractory material filled into a suitable and of each tube ispreferab y provided with beating tube which extends through the hqa,suitable r1 =fractory plug such as 12 of fire uid to be heated, thegranular refractory la r th lik form d with one or more nutterial bestfilling the tube forna considerconstricted injection passages 13 andable distance beyond the place or zone where referably with one or moresuitable air incombustion takes place so that the hot gases, ets 14 thrcu 'h which air may be supplied of combustion in passing throu h the tubein a y d i e wa as for i stance from the l will be deflected against itswa ls, and the air box 17 :Forme between the tube sheet 3 1 whole massof refractory material within and the auxiliary sheet 16 through whichthe tube will also be highly heated. the tubes extend. In this wayairfor In the accompanying drawing showing in through the air pipe 18 inamounts governed I a somewhat diagrammatic way in vertical by the'airalve 19 kee s the air box under section ail-illustrative embodiment ofthis the desired pressure 0 six to eight ounces 95 invei'lticm, anupright form of boiler 01' or so and iupplies the desired amountsofevaporatin apparatus is indicated as be "air througl, theair inlets'soas to m1x with ing provid d with the shell 1 in which suitand form anexplosive gaseous imxture able tube shegits such as 2, 3 may be arrangedburning wi thin the granular refractory main any desir .d way. The shellmay be con terialr By locating this refractory lug 12 nccted with thesmoke-box casing 5 with substantial ,y at the junction ofthe eatingwhich av suitable exhaust flue 6 connected to tube and trim sheet 3undesirable localize a stack or exhaust fan may be arranged so heatingat this point is of course minimized. as to carry off the. combustiongases and it Each of the heating tubes is preferably com is of: coursedesirable to employ suitable ia nected with a suitable combustion or gasging or non-conducting packing such as *i forming ciamber whiclnmay asindicated around the shell and connected parts tohave the sheet metalcasing 20. a suitminimize radiation losses. The shell fl may, ablefirecay or other refractory limng 21 V if desired, be provided with aflange or supwhile filled with granular refractory port such as 8 whichmay rest upon a sultmaterial 2 such as lumps or piece! of fire no clay,magncsite or other suitable refractory material of one-fourth to halfinch mesh or so preferably having a decided'combustion acceleratingaction.

These combustion or gas forming chambers may conveniently be arrangedwithin a suitable firing chamber 36 and each combustion chamber may beprovided with an injecting pipe such as 24, which may be locatedsubstantially in line with the supply passage l5 communicating with theinjecting passage and heating tube atthe other end of the chamber. Thisinjecting pipe may be supplied in any desired way with a fine spray orjet of oil or oily combustible material, such for instance, as strippedcrude petroleum "or petroleum distillate, fuel oil or more volatile oilsuch as petroleum or bcnzin if desired. Inthe illustrative arrangementindicated the oil may be supplied under pressure to this injecting pipethrough asuita le spraying or other nozzle 30 on the oil pipe 31connected by means of' the valve 32 with the oil line In this way aspray or jet of oil is' formed within the injector casing 25and inecting pipe 2% and if desired a blast of air, steam or other gaseousmaterial may be simultaneously injected thercinto so as to carry the oilinto contact with the normally highly heated refractory material withinthe combustion chamber.-

The air, steam or other blast may be supplied to the injector casingthrough the pipe 26 having the regulating valve 27 therein so as todetermine the amount of gaseous material supplied through the blast pipe28 which may if desired have the control valve 29 therein. It is alsodesirable in some cases to have additional air ports such as 23 formedin the combustion chamber preferably adjacent the injecting pipe and airmay be supplied thereto by the air supply pipe 40 which may be providedwith the supply valve ll so as to regulate the amount and pressure ofair within the firing chamber which should be maintained under apressure of 8 to 12 ounces or so. This air serves to cool to aconsiderable extent the combustion chambers arranged in this firingchamber and the air is thus heated considerably when it passes throughthe air ports into the combustion chambers for utilizationtherein.

.Theapparatus may be started in any suitable way as ;for instance byforcing coal gas or other combustible gaseous material through the blastline 28 or preferably through the communicating gas line 42 in amountscontrolled by the gas valve 43- so that this gas passes into eachcombustion chamber and heating tube so that it may be ignited by anysuitable means inserted through asuitable igniting door or normallyclosed 0 ening .39 in the SIllOkG-bOX. The gas flashes. ack through thegranular material so as to burn in the combustion chamber adjacent theinjecting pipe in all of the cone larly supplied to the combustionchambers through the injecting pipes in the manner indicated by openingthe oil control valve 34 and also if desired opening the blast valve 29so as to supply a spray of oil to the highly heated refraetorv materialin the combustion chambers so as to effect sufficient combustion of theoil to maintain the heat of the granular material and also to form anexplosive gaseous mixture from the oil and such additional air may be.mixed or incorporated therewith, The oil may thus be cracked andvaporized by the combustion of only a relatively small proportionthereof if desired and may be mixed with additional air supplied theretoas through the air in lets 1-1 so as to form an explosive gaseousmixture which. is injected at high velocity through the injectingpassage 13/ into the granular refractory material ll'within the heatingtube itself. The combustible is here burn'd under ideal conditionswithin the inte: tices or poresof the lumps of highly heated granularmaterial which exert an intense combustion accelerating action so thatthe heat developed in the i-ef'ract orymaterial;

may be utilized by transmission outward through the walls of thetubesinto the surroui'iding water or other liquid-in the water space 38of the boiler or evaporator. Any combustion which takes place in tliecombustion chamber serves not only to maintain the heat of the granularmaterial therein, but, also heats the treated combustible materialdischarged from the combustion chamber through the supply port 15 intothe ad jacent heating tube so that any sensible heat is utilized in theheating tube Whileany unconsumed combustible is burned in the slightexcess of air or other supporter of combustion preferably supplied inthe tube so as to secure high combustion efiicienc n The combustionchamber and" connected heating tube containing granular refractorymaterial thus form a simple and efiiei'ent heating unit for thecombustion of fuel oil or other oily material. The water or other liquorin the shell 1 is thus evaporated, the vapor collecting in a suitablesteam space: such as 37 while the liquor which rapidly circulates upwardaround the tubes and between the same may descend in the outer portionsspace 38 adjacent the shell.

Having described this invention in connection with illustrativeembodiments, forms, proportions, materials, and arrangement of see ofthe liquor l parts and orders of steps, to the details'bf which'disclosure the invention is not of course to be limited, what isclaimed? new and what is desired to be secured by Letters temperaturetherein, a combustion bed big a filling able combustion bed formed ofgranular refractory material, a restricted passage leading from the gasforming chamber to the combustion bed, means for supplying air to mixwith' the gases from the gas forming chamber in proportions to form anexplosive asoous mixture and to cause the explosive gaseous mixture thusformed to enter the combustion bed ata high velocity, and means forcontrolling the amount of gas burned in the combustion bed bycontrolling the amount of fuel fed to the gas forming chamber,

' 2. Apparatus. forburning liquid fuel comprising a formingchambercontaim o granular refracto material, means for mjectin liquidfuel an a limited supply of combustion supporter into the fillmaterialin said chamber in ing of refractory to effect partial combustion ofthefuel within the chamber and to maintain a vaporizing temperaturetherein, a .porous and permeof refractory material,

a restricted passage leading frqm' -the gas a: su ply of combustionsupporter into the fil ing of refractory material in saidfiihamformingchamber to the combustion bed, means for supplying air to mix'with thegases from the gas fprming chamber in proportions to form an explosivegaseous m1;- ture a'nd to cause the explosive gaseous mixture thusformed to enter the combustion 3. 'Apparatus for burmngliq'uid fliclcomprising a as forming chamber containing a.

granular refractory material,.

filling 0 means for injecting liquid fuel and a limited her to effectpartial combustion of the fuel Within'the chamber andto maintain avaporizing temperature therein, means for supplying gaseousfuel'forreliminarily heatmg the refractory material in said chamber;

a. porous and permeable combustion bed re ractorv material, a restrictedleading from the gas forming chamber-to the combustion bed, means forsupplying air to mixwith the gases from the gas forming chamber inproportions to form ari explosive gaseous mixture andj'to cause theexplosive tegllperutu c therein,

' mil: with ;he gas passing throng to mix with the gas passing.

gaseous mi :ture thus formed to enter the combustion bed at a highvelocity, and means for controlling the amount of gas burned in thecombustion bed by controlling the amount of fuel fed to the gas formingchamber.

4. An apparatus for burning liquid fuel comprising a gas forming chambercontaining refractory material, means for injecting liquid fuel and alimited supply of combustion supporter partial combustion of the fuelwithin the chamber [lid to maintain a vaporizing tcmperature therein, aconsuming device for maintaining continuous'and localized combustion ofan explosive gaseous mixture, an outletleading from said chamberdircctlyto 'the consuming device, and means for supplymg of refractorymaterial, means for inject-- lnto said cham m to effect ing liquid fueland a limited supply of combustion supporter into the filling ofrefractory material in each of said chambers to effect part alcombustion of the fuel within thd chamber, and to maintain a vvaporizinga plurality of consul.- dci'ices each formed to maintain localiz andcontinuous combustioh of an explosiyt: gaseous mixture, a restrictedpasse e leading frim each gas forming chamber ireglsly to one of theconsuming deviceg,

m'lnsfor supplying air under pressureto 1 "each said passage inproportions to form an explosive gaseous mixture, and means forcontrolling the amour t of gas burned in the oonsulnin devices bycontrolling the amount of fue fed to the gas forming chamber. bed at ahigh velocity, and means for con-- trolling the amount of gas burnedin'theliquid mamorming chambers permeable filling 6. .Appl .rat-us forburnin prising a )lurality of gas containing a porous and "of refrac;ory material, an injecting pipe leading i! to each said chamber, fuelsupblast pipe connecting with to supply liquid fuel and thereto underpressure, a

last line and a gas li-ne connectin with each said blast pipe, meansforsupplygg, air 8 forming 1 hambers in proportionstli form an explosivegaseous mixture, and means for a a v maintain] Pl P p s, each injec tingp1 ascous -n iatena procomprisil lgmeans for liquid fun by heatsimultaneou developed by partial combustion: of the fl; and means forconti nuously supplying the liquid fuel ng localized andooxttinuous com-"bastion (fthe gaseous mixture to said gas forming-Moe, with a gasoonsuming device, a supply connection for the pussadge of the hot gasesfrom the supply ei'ice directly to the consuming de- 5 vice. means forsupplying air to mix with thehot gases between ehe supply device and theconsuming;- device iii proportionate amount to form an explosive gaseousmixture, and means folcontrolling the rate of sup 1 of liulid fuel tothe su fly device 10 P B l l I and t reb vontrolling the amount of heatdeveloped in the ('nnsllming device.

' 4 CARLETON ELLIS.

Witnesses:

IIARRY L. Duxmx, Jessie B. KAY.

